VITAL LANDSCAPE INFRASTRUCTURE:
SEQUESTRO-POLIS 2060
波士顿3.0 固碳都市2060
Gandong Cai, January 2017
GSD studio work
Advisor: Martha Schwartz
2017年1月
哈佛设计学院课程设计
指导老师:Martha Schwartz
In the last semester, I entered Martha Schwartz's studio which focused on shifting the global warming trend by rethinking the process of sequestration. Though important the topic was, only seven students selected this studio. The first part of the studio was about study and research on literatures, reports and data. Martha invited specialists from lots of domains to give lectures to us, including ecologists, scientists, and managers of Harvard Forest, except designers. It forced us to give up the usual workflow but concentrated on work out together a series of research papers about the topics.
After the research and writing section, we started to think about the issue of design. We used the Greater Boston Region as the site, and set the time to 2060. The logic of Sequestropolis was simple but full of idealism: in 2060 we will get rid of private vehicles but use self-driving cars as share transportation tool. In the benefit of accurate drive and share cars, we don't need wide roads and a large area of parking spaces. Instead, those spaces could be transformed into "sequestrate zones", by planting trees that are well-performing in terms of sequestration and can live well in the city in 2060.
This studio also forced to shift the current status of Landscape Architecture as a profession being excluded from the decision-making group. We wanted to quantify the influence of landscape to the city by including the data of total increase area of sequestrate zones, the numbers of trees we are going to plant, and even the quantity of CO2 we can capture by planting those trees. By showing people number, landscape designer acquire the power as architects and engineers have.
For the final site design, I chose the greenway park on the top of the Big Dig, and imagined it to be the new waterfront of Boston in 2060, based on the estimation of sea level rise. According to the data, the harbor area of the city will be entirely inundated underwater in the next 50 years, and the greenway park will become the new waterfront. Thus, the park needs to be transformed into a vital landscape infrastructure to project the city and people, and also serve as the new harbor to keep the logistics industry of the city.
在GSD的最后一个学期进入了玛莎关于如何利用树木固碳进程帮助缓解全球变暖问题的studio。尽管面对全专业开放并有大人气设计师坐镇,这个Studio最终人数只有7人且都是景观系学生,以至于玛莎自己打趣说,建筑师对这个议题不感兴趣……但没成为热门不意味着这个studio的含金量真的不如别人,相反这又是一个十分非典型的设计课经历。前期的一个月里面我们放下所有设计师思维和工作模式,专心投入到查阅文献中,并每人按照特定专题写出一篇小型调研论文,作为整个studio的基础理论资料。同时间玛莎利用她强大的人脉请来了大批专家给我们开讲,这里面有生态学家和科学家,还有专门推广固碳技术的企业家,以及Harvard Forest的管理团队,唯独没有设计师。
第一阶段的研究工作结束后, studio进入设计阶段。设计的场地是整个大波士顿地区,时间是2060年。思路简单粗暴但充满英雄主义色彩:我们假设到2060年自动驾驶汽车成为了主流,在精确驾驶和共享汽车的概念下,道路宽度可大大缩小,地面停车场也可以大范围减少,置换出来的交通用地可作为固碳区,通过种植适合2060年波士顿气候且具有良好固碳能力的树种,来达到控制城市气候。
这个studio还尝试通过强调景观设计过程的量化来改变行业话语权缺失的现状。景观设计师一直因为善于描述美好愿景但缺乏有效沟通数据而陷入一种浪漫主义的牢笼中,无法获得建筑师与工程师同样的基于数据的权威性。因此本次的“种树”行动追求景观的量化,包括通过缩减路宽得到的可利用总面积,树木增加总数,甚至最终能达到的固碳总量都有计算。
至于最后的开放空间设计,我选择了波士顿市中心的带状公园进行改造,并构想2060年海平面上升后的波士顿滨水空间。按照现有对海平面上升的预测,到2060年整个波士顿滨水带都将被淹没,而带状公园将成为城市新的海岸线。因此我设想是否可以把公园设计成一条蔓延在城市海岸线的绿色防浪堤,并在其上建设新的码头区。